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Mir-24 Weekly Reports
Mir-24 - Week of August 29, 1997
Mission Status Report - Filed
from Mir Mission Control in Moscow
Interview with
Jim Van Laak - the Deputy Director of the Shuttle-Mir Phase I Program
talks about the current plans for activities onboard the Mir
A week ago today, the Russian cosmonauts on the space station Mir conducted
a spacewalk inside their orbiting outpost in an attempt to restore the
power it lost after an on-orbit collision with a Progress re-supply
ship in late June. Today, astronaut Mike Foale and his Russian crewmates
are onboard a station they say is coming back to the condition it was
in prior to that collision two months ago.
Last Friday morning, Houston time, Mir-24 commander Anatoly Solovyev
and flight engineer Pavel Vinogradov conducted a five-hour spacewalk
inside the station's transfer node and the Spektr module, which has
been sealed off since it was struck by the unmanned cargo craft. They
installed a piece of hardware called a hermaplate in Spektr's hatch,
and connected 11 power cables from Spektr's solar arrays to the inside
of that hatch.
This week, the Mir crew has been running cables from the outside of
Spektr's hatch to batteries in the station's Base Block and to the Kristall
and Kvant-2 modules, both of which had been powered down since the collision.
In a status report yesterday, Foale praised the work done by his crewmates
and said they've all been watching and listening as the systems in Kristall
and Kvant-2 have come back to life.
Along with their work to resume operations inside the station, the
Mir-24 crew has been preparing for a spacewalk outside the station.
Russian mission managers today announced that the spacewalk is being
delayed a few days, possibly until next Saturday, to give the crew additional
time for on-orbit training and review of procedures.
They had earlier asked that Foale join Solovyev for this excursion
to inspect the damage to Spektr. Foale has begun on-orbit training,
and a decision from NASA on whether he will make that spacewalk is expected
this week.
Today is Foale's 105th day as a crewmember onboard Mir, and the 23rd
for Solovyev and Vinogradov. They took over early this month from Mir-23 commander Vasily Tsibliev and flight engineer Aleksandr Lazutkin,
with whom Foale worked to bring the station through a series of malfunctions.
Foale offered praise for the resourcefulness of his first team of crewmates
in noting that the Mir station and its systems are much improved.
ôOne of the things I know has had a lot of interest is the oxygen generation
systems onboard the station. We actually have two systems available
to us. One is a solid-state system for producing oxygen. We have been
using that on and off for the last two or three weeks now. In addition
to that we have a system called Elektron, which is a Russian name for
a system that does electrolysis of water and breaks it up into hydrogen
and oxygen. We throw away the hydrogen in space, and the oxygen we breathe.
This system has had some troubles, but on and off has been working and
right now behind me there is an Elektron working. We are right now in
the activity of establishing another working Elektron in Kvant-2, the
other module.
ôSo I would say in summary, things have really started to come back
together here on Space Station Mir since the collision. I certainly
am starting to feel that conditions are like before the collision, and
I'm looking forward to getting some of my final experiments done and
some of the experiments I haven't been able to do so far because of
the unpowered conditions of the modules. I think this is a great testament
to the resourcefulness and the ability of a crew to 'hang in there'
working problems even when they are difficult, especially my previous
crew, Vasily and Sasha. They worked terribly hard to maintain the condition
of the station, and I with them. Pasha and Anatoly also are taking on
a big burden to keep the station running and improving. I have seen
the station in good condition when I arrived, I saw a low when the collision
occurred, and now things are picking up again.ö
Astronaut David Wolf has returned to the Johnson Space Center following
the conclusion of his training at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center,
in Star City, Russia. This week he completed his final spacewalk training
session in the Hydrolab facility there, wearing the Russian Orlan spacesuit,
and after Labor Day he will begin final preparations with his STS-86
crewmates for their launch to the Mir, targeted for September 25.
One of those crewmates is astronaut Wendy Lawrence, who had been slated
to succeed Mike Foale on the Mir. But her assignment was changed in
late July, one month after the Progress collision with Spektr. Both
Russian and American mission managers saw the advantage of having any
crewmember onboard Mir be qualified as a possible participant in the
increased number of spacewalks that may be needed for Mir, but Lawrence
is too short to fit in the Russian spacesuit.
In a recent interview Lawrence acknowledged her disappointment at not
getting the opportunity to go to the Mir for an extended mission. But
she noted that when she was selected for the job more than a year ago,
she herself said that she could not fit safely into a Russian spacesuit,
and she called Shuttle-Mir program manager Frank Culbertson's decision
to send Wolf in her place a wise one.
ôI was also checked out in their Orlan EVA suit. I went through the
standard checks where they pressurize the suit and have you throw switches.
They have you go through a range of motion to determine your reach envelope
and whether or not you truly do fit the suit. And I myself made the
call that I don't fit your EVA suit, even though you shortened it as
much as you can, my arms are still too short and I don't fit the suit
well enough for me to do an EVA safely. In light of the recent events
onboard Mir, the collision of Progress with Spektr and the Russians'
desire to fix the Spektr module, there will be a significant number
of EVAs in the future, so operationally the decision to replace me with
Dave Wolf, who does fit the Russian Orlan suit, I personally think that's
a very wise decision operationally. I told that to Frank once the decision
had been made. I said, "Frank, I understand. I'm a Commander in the
Navy. I've served onboard ships. I've served onboard ships in remote
locations, far away from my home squadron, I know the importance of
maximizing all your assets, and I think you've done that in this case."ö
Lawrence remains a member of the Atlantis crew for the upcoming trip
to the Mir, and she talked about what she hopes to accomplish during
her shorter-than- expected time there, helping Wolf get up to speed
on the science agenda of his tour of duty.
ôIt became clear to me that Dave was really going to need some help
on orbit getting set up. He's not as familiar with the NASA-6 science
program as I am, although he's had training on all the experiments.
And I decided that the best contribution that I could make to the STS-86
mission and to the NASA-6 mission would be to get up on orbit, get into
the Priroda Module, and unpack all the hardware that Dave'll be using
during the duration of his mission, and basically get him set up for
his first month of flight. The intent behind my putting everything away
for Dave is to give him the opportunity to spend as much time as possible
with Mike so he and Mike can get a thorough handover, a thorough tour
of Mir, Dave can understand how he needs to operate the systems onboard
and interface with them, and I will spend my time in Priroda getting
him unpacked and ready to go.ö
A tentative plan for the activities onboard the Mir, resulting from
a teleconference earlier today involving both the American and Russian
Shuttle-Mir Program Managers is as follows:
Over the weekend, the Mir-24 crewmembers will continue their on-orbit
preparations for the upcoming spacewalk; they will also be taking some
time off to rest up for a busy week to come.
On Tuesday, astronaut mike Foale is scheduled to have his first on-orbit
spacewalk training while wearing the Russian Orlan spacesuit.
The next step could come on Thursday, September 4--that's the possible
date for program managers in Houston and in Moscow to conduct a joint
readiness review, the session that will decide a final date for the
spacewalk, and a decision on whether Mike Foale gets the "go" to conduct
the spacewalk.
If the schedule holds, on Saturday, September 6, Moscow time (late
Friday, Houston time) Foale and Mir-24 commander Anatoly Solovyev would
exit the Mir station's Kvant-2 airlock for a walk in space to assess
the damage to the Spektr Module, and to install handholds for future
spacewalks as well as some hardware on the exterior of the Mir's Base
Block to accommodate the future installation of an additional carbon
dioxide removal system.
If the joint readiness review is conducted this coming Thursday, there
will be a briefing for the news media next Thursday at the Johnson Space
Center in which Shuttle-Mir program managers will discuss the final
plans for the spacewalk.
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Back
to
Mir
Increment
Summaries
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Mir-24 - Week of September 5, 1997
Press Briefing,
September 4, 1997
The first close-up examination of damage to the outside of the Mir Space Station's Spektr module is now just hours away, as the Mir-24
crew and mission managers in Russia and Houston make final preparations
for a spacewalk scheduled to begin just before 8:00 p.m. Friday evening
CDT. American astronaut Mike Foale and commander Anatoly Solovyev will
perform the EVA.
Since a spacewalk inside the Spektr module two weeks ago, which recovered
access to power from the Spektr's solar arrays, power levels on the
Mir have been increased and the station's systems have stabilized in
proper working order. This past week Foale, Solovyev, and flight engineer
Pavel Vinogradov conducted more rehearsals of the tasks to be performed
on the external spacewalk to assess the damage from the late June collision
with an unmanned Progress re-supply ship.
This Tuesday, those preparations included Foale and Solovyev climbing
into their Russian Orlan spacesuits, adjusting them for proper fit,
and practicing the various operations while the suit was pressurized.
Since the Russians requested Foale's participation in this spacewalk,
he has completed 44 hours of on-orbit training, complementing the nearly
150 hours of spacewalk training he completed in Russia prior to his
launch last May while he was training as back-up to astronaut Jerry
Linenger, his predecessor onboard the Mir.
Yesterday, in a joint readiness review, Russian and American mission
managers determined that all the probable risks for this spacewalk had
been addressed, and that Solovyev and Foale were fully prepared to make
this excursion to the exterior of the Spektr. Foale conducted a four-and-a-half
hour spacewalk during his space shuttle mission in 1995; this will be
the eleventh spacewalk for Solovyev, including last month's spacewalk
inside the station.
As the spacewalk preparations proceed, David Wolf, who will relieve
Foale onboard the Mir Space Station, has resumed his shuttle training
here in Houston and is now working with his STS-86 shuttle crewmates
in final prelaunch activity. The launch date remains targeted for September
25th.
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Mir-24 - Week of September 12, 1997
Interview with
John Charles
Interview with David Wolf
Mission Status Report
After almost four full months onboard the Russian space station Mir,
American astronaut Mike Foale has begun to turn his attention to a wrap-up
of his science agenda and the start of packing for his return to earth
early next month. Foale's seventeenth week as a member of the Mir crew
was highlighted by a walk in space, when he joined Mir commander Anatoly
Solovyev in surveying the damage to the station's Spektr module.
The walk in space lasted for six hours and allowed the first up-close
inspection of areas of Spektr that were damaged when the module was
struck by an unmanned Progress cargo ship during a docking maneuver
on June 25th. Most of the attention was focused around the radiator
that was crumpled by the impact, and the base of the solar array that
was struck by the cargo craft.
Solovyev reported finding no evidence of a breach in Spektr's hull
around the radiator, but measurements showed that the mast of the array
was no longer at a right angle to the outer skin of the module, increasing
the likelihood of that being the area where a hole may be located. The
acting manager of NASA's Spacewalk Project Office, astronaut Greg Harbaugh
said that these findings permit investigators to narrow their search
for the leak.
ôIt's a process of elimination, in terms of identifying the leak source.
One of the most likely areas going into this we thought was impact damage
around the radiator and they looked at that extensively, for a couple
of hours, and found a number of broken struts, or damaged standoffs,
small beams, but didn't find anything that penetrated the hull. So unfortunately,
in that sense, we were not able to identify a specific culprit there,
but you can deduce from that that is one area they don't need to pursue
any further. They also were able to better characterize, and with the
video and the still photos that come down we'll have much better information
with regard to the base of the damaged solar array. There is some potential
that that could be one of the likely candidates that still hasn't been
closed out.ö
Solovyev did manually turn two of the three undamaged solar arrays
on Spektr to improve their ability to gather solar energy, and the spacewalkers
retrieved a radiation measuring device from the Kvant-2 module that
was put in place by astronaut Jerry Linenger during his spacewalk in
April. The planned tasks of installing new handholds, and a cap over
a valve on the core module to facilitate installation of a new Vozdukh
carbon dioxide removal system, were postponed to a subsequent spacewalk.
NASA Shuttle-Mir program officials offered praise to the two spacewalkers,
and to the Russian and American teams that worked to devise and execute
a spacewalk plan while the principals were already on orbit. Program
Manager Frank Culbertson also said that research has already begun into
possible alternative methods of locating the source of the leak in Spektr.
ôSuch things as infrared sensors or marker gases. These type of thing
are being looked at. There's not enough time to do much in that regard
for STS-86, but we are looking for things that we could do for STS-89.
The Russians also have an active program in this area, and I think one
of the things that this reinforces is the need for this and future stations
to have a good reliable means of identifying a hole or a leak after
a depressurization that doesn't rely just on visual inspection, because
with all the paraphernalia that's installed on the outside of modules,
the panels that are on the inside, it'd be very difficult to actually
see the pressure hull and see where a hole might be. You need some other
way of identifying the location and size and character of that hole.ö
After getting some rest this past weekend, Foale, Solovyev, and flight
engineer Pavel Vinogradov worked to respond to a failure of the central
processing unit in the Mir's motion control system computer, which caused
the station to lose automatic control of position in relation to the
Sun. Once a spare CPU was installed, the motion control computer was
rebooted and then the station's gyrodynes restarted; all systems have
been working normally since then.
Preparations for the space shuttle mission to retrieve Mike Foale from
the Mir are moving ahead on schedule. The current target launch date
remains September 25th; the official launch date should be announced
after the flight readiness review. The STS-86 crew will begin the final
phase of their training at the Johnson Space Center next week.
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______________________________________________________________
Mir-24 - Week of September 19, 1997
Transcript of Mike
Foale's Status Report from Mir
Interview with George
Nield
Mission Status Report
After 18 weeks onboard the space station Mir, American astronaut Mike
Foale is looking ahead to his final few days as a crewmember on the
Russian space station, anticipating next week's scheduled launch of
the Space Shuttle Atlantis on the seventh mission to dock with the Mir,
bringing astronaut David Wolf to extend the American mission to the
Mir into 1998.
Yesterday Foale delivered the final scheduled status report of his
four-and-a-half month mission to Mir, and he discussed the spacewalk
he made two weeks ago with Mir-24 commander Anatoly Solovyev to survey
the damage done to the station's Spektr module when it was struck by
an unmanned Progress cargo craft in late June. He noted that no sign
of a hull breach was found around a crumpled radiator, but said their
activity around Spektr's solar arrays has paid dividends for the station's
power capacity.
Foale described the two recent failures of the Mir's motion control
system computer, and explained how Solovyev and flight engineer Pavel
Vinogradov fashioned a replacement central processing unit for the computer,
which is now operating normally. A new CPU is to be delivered on the
upcoming shuttle mission, and a second new CPU, for use as a back-up,
will be on the next Progress resupply ship, which is due to arrive next
month.
Foale also discussed the science work he's still pursuing during these
final days of his scheduled tour onboard the Mir, and he talked about
not only the imminent arrival of his ride home, but his thoughts on
the next steps in the Shuttle-Mir program.
The seventh space shuttle mission to resupply the Mir Space Station
is set for launch September 25, with the launch window opening at 9:34
p.m. CDT. Along with the transfer of some 8000 pounds of food, fuel,
clothing, and other supplies between Atlantis and the Mir during more
than five days of docked operations, astronaut David Wolf will transfer
to the Mir to relieve Mike Foale as the American crewmember onboard.
Wolf had been training as the back-up to astronaut Wendy Lawrence for
this mission, but the assignment was changed in July when American and
Russian mission managers agreed on the advantage of having American
crewmembers onboard Mir who were capable of performing spacewalks to
help repair the station; Lawrence is too short to safely fit in the
Russian spacesuit. She remains a member of the STS-86 crew, and said
she'll spend most of her time helping Wolf get set up for his science
work.
Attempts to repair the damaged Spektr module will be done by the Mir-24 crew, which will include astronaut David Wolf, who is slated for
a four-month tour of duty. During the month of August he underwent a
compressed schedule of spacewalk training in the Hydrolab facility at
the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center, in Star City, Russia, to become
certified to conduct a spacewalk wearing the Russian Orlan-M spacesuit.
Science will be a focus for Mike Foale during the coming week, as he
works to conclude his experiment activities onboard Mir while finishing
the packing for his return home on Atlantis. And as he does, his mission
will become the second- longest single spaceflight by any American astronaut--on
Wednesday morning at 7:09 central time, early in the 133rd day of this
mission, Foale's time on orbit will exceed the mission duration of astronaut
Jerry Linenger's trip to Mir and back. The longest American spaceflight
remains astronaut Shannon Lucid's 188-day mission to the Mir last year.
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Mir-24 - Week of September 26, 1997
The Mir-24 crew is busy making their space station ready for tomorrow's
scheduled arrival of Atlantis on what would be the seventh docking of
the space shuttle to the Russian space station.
The astronauts will wake up at 7:34 a.m. CDT Saturday morning. At 10:19
a.m. Parazynski will start setting up the rendezvous tools on Atlantis'
flight deck, as all of the astronauts move into their rendezvous timeline.
At 12:32 p.m. tomorrow, Wetherbee and Bloomfield will execute the terminal
initiation burn to set the orbiter on course to close the final 8 miles
to the Mir over the next orbit. By 2:02 p.m. Atlantis will arrive at
a point 600 feet below Mir on the radial vector, or R-bar, an imaginary
line from Mir to the Earth. From there, Wetherbee will begin manually
flying Atlantis from the controls on the aft flight deck.
At 2:45 p.m. Wetherbee will halt his approach at a distance of 30 feet
to align the orbiter docking system with the station's Docking Module,
then begin closing that final 10 yards to the Mir. At 2:56 Wetherbee
will dock Atlantis to the Mir, initiating the engagement of hooks and
latches in the docking mechanisms of both spacecraft. Ten minutes later,
with all those latches engaged, a hard mate between the shuttle and
the station will be achieved. After pressure and leak checks are conducted
on both spacecraft, Wetherbee and Mir commander Anatoly Solovyev will
open the hatches on their spacecraft at 4:24 p.m. CDT tomorrow, starting
six days of joint docked operations.
David Wolf, who is on his second trip to space, will become the sixth
American to live and work onboard the Mir Space Station, taking over
for astronaut Mike Foale, the astrophysicist who has completed more
than 135 days in space on this, his fourth mission.
Wolf is scheduled to spend four months on Mir with Foale's current
crewmates, Mir-24 commander Anatoly Solovyev and flight engineer Pavel
Vinogradov. Solovyev, a five-time space flight veteran, and Vinogradov,
on his first trip to space, are in the 53rd day of a mission that is
scheduled to continue into February, 1998.
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Mir-24 - Week October 10, 1997
Mission Status Report - Filed
from Korolev, Russia
Goldin Greets Atlantis
Crew - Dan Goldin, NASA Administrator, greets the crew of Atlantis
upon their return to Earth
Mike Foale's homecoming
- Shortly after arriving back on Earth, Mike Foale was reunited with
his wife and children and answered some questions
The ongoing mission of Americans to the Russian Space Station Mir is
well into its next phase--astronaut David Wolf is near the end of the
second week of his four- month tour of duty, and has already started
work on an agenda of scientific research in the microgravity environment
of low Earth orbit.
Since last October 3, when he said goodbye to the space shuttle crewmates
who delivered him to the Mir to take over from astronaut Mike Foale,
Wolf has been working with a new protein crystallization experiment,
several systems that measure disturbances in the microgravity environment,
and the cell-growth experiments in the biotechnology of three-dimensional
tissue engineering apparatus.
On October 8, a new Progress resupply ship successfully docked to the
station's Kvant-1, carrying a back-up motion control system computer,
more food and water, clothing, and other personal items for the crewmembers.
The next Progress is scheduled to arrive at the station early next year.
This week it was officially announced that astronaut Andy Thomas will
be the prime crewmember for the seventh tour of duty by an American
onboard the Russian space station. Thomas has been in Star City since
earlier this year, training as David Wolf's backup. Now that Wolf has
replaced Lawrence, Thomas is stepping up to take over Wolf's old spot.
Astronaut Jim Voss, who had previously trained in Star City as back-up
to Mike Foale, has now been assigned as Thomas' backup for the mission
targeted for a launch on the shuttle Endeavour in January.
Next week, the Mir-24 crew will continue unloading the new Progress
resupply ship, and press ahead with the on-orbit preparations for the
planned internal spacewalk to the station's Spektr Module later this
month, while David Wolf pursues his agenda of scientific research on
orbit.
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____________________________________________________________
Mir-24 - Week of October 17, 1997
Mission Status Report - Filed
from Korolev, Russia
With 20 days as a crewmember onboard the Russian space station Mir
under his belt, astronaut David Wolf is well into the agenda of microgravity
and life sciences research of his four-month tour of duty, and this
week he's also been busy assisting his cosmonaut colleagues get set
for another internal spacewalk to the station's Spektr module, which
is planned for this coming Monday.
Wolf's mission to the Russian space station is scheduled to last until
the arrival of the shuttle Endeavour in January. This week cosmonaut
Salizhan Sharipov, a 33-year-old veteran of the Russian Air Force, was
named as an additional crewmember for STS-89. He is training at the
Johnson Space Center in Houston. His role on orbit will be to assist
the shuttle and Mir crews during the supplies transfer operation of
the eighth Shuttle-Mir docking mission. This will be Sharipov's first
spaceflight.
The primary transfer item of that flight will be astronaut Andy Thomas,
who is training in Star City, Russia, to take over for Wolf onboard
the Mir in January. Thomas has been in Russia since early this year,
when he started training as the back-up to Wolf for the last increment
of the Shuttle-Mir program.
This week Thomas spent most of his time focused on Mir systems and
spacewalk training, and he was also fitted for his Sokol suit, the spacesuit
worn while in the Soyuz capsule. Astronaut Jim Voss, who previously
trained in the Shuttle-Mir program, has now been assigned as back-up
to Thomas.
Activities onboard the space station Mir during the coming week will
focus on the second spacewalk into the station's Spektr module.
This weekend, Mir commander Anatoly Solovyev, flight engineer Pavel
Vinogradov, and astronaut David Wolf will complete their preparations
for the spacewalk, including the transfer of several experiment facilities
out of the Priroda module before it is powered down and its hatch closed
for the spacewalk.
On Monday, Solovyev and Vinogradov will climb into their spacesuits,
and with Wolf monitoring activities from inside the Soyuz capsule, depressurize
the Mir's transfer node and open the hatch to Spektr at 3:55 a.m. CDT.
Their goal is to install three power cables designed to regain remote
maneuvering control of the module's solar arrays. This excursion into
Spektr is scheduled to conclude at 9:25 a.m. CDT.
Since Monday will be a nearly 24-hour workday, Tuesday is set aside
as a day of rest for the Mir crewmembers. For the remainder of the week,
they will return the experiment hardware to Priroda and evaluate the
Spektr spacewalk, and Wolf has a full schedule of experiment activities
in the areas of advanced technology, human life sciences, and microgravity
science.
Current planning by Russian mission managers calls for three spacewalks
outside the Mir Space Station during November, to retrieve experiment
packages from the exterior of the station, and to install hardware to
be utilized during future repair efforts. Spacewalks dedicated to repair
of the Spektr module are being planned for January.
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Mir-24 - Week of October 24, 1997
Mission Status Report - Filed
from Korolev, Russia
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_______________________________________________________________
Mir-24 - Week of October 31, 1997
Mission Status Report - Filed
from Korolev, Russia
Postflight Press
Conference - Michael Foale talks to the press about his time on
Mir
After four months on orbit, astronaut Mike Foale says he believes the
most important benefit America and Russia derive from the ongoing program
of Shuttle-Mir docking missions is recognition as peaceful world leaders.
"I think the benefit is in two countries working together. And most
extraordinarily, it's America leading the world and bringing the world
together in these economic industrial endeavors in space," Foale said
in a press confererence less than a month after the completion of his
145-day stay in space. "That is really, absolutely extraordinary, and
I think we'll go down in history.
"The rewards for America, for its leadership in this, are not entirely
monetary," Foale continued. "I also believe at a totally different level,
business watches what's going on here between our countries and they
are not related to space in any way, but they feel confident now to
invest in Russia, to work in Russia, because they see this harmony,
this work together at the higher level in the space programs."
Appearing fit and reporting that he can already jog for several miles,
Foale said that 99% of the time he was on the Russian outpost he was
having a good time. He said he enjoyed the challenge of trying to fix
things, and that he and his Russian crewmates -- Vasily Tsibliev and
Aleksandr Lazutkin, and later Anatoly Solovyev and Pavel Vinogradov
-- have left his successor, Dave Wolf, in good shape to carry on his
scientific program and pave the way for Andy Thomas, the final American
scheduled to live and work on Mir.
Foale said he and the Russians became very good friends during their
tenure together, and that they displayed an amazing resiliency and ability
to respond under pressure.
For me they're about as close to being family without being family
now as anyone on this planet, and I love those guys," he said. "When
they think they're at the edge, you suddenly find there's just a little
bit further you can go." Foale said that in spite of significant problems
that occurred during his stay, from cooling and guidance system difficulties
to the collision of the Progress supply vehicle, the crew never panicked
and was able to maintain a sense of humor.
"I was in fear for my life for about one second, and that was the impact
of the Progress on the station. And that was probably the case of the
whole crew," he said. "But as soon as we realized a second had passed
and we were still conscious, it turned into a situation of find out
what happened and try and do the next best thing. Beyond that moment,
I never feared for my life."
Foale said he believes financial pressures affected the crew on Mir
and that it may have been partly to blame for the Progress collision
as the test being performed at the time was aimed at removing the expensive
automated docking system from the Progress vehicles. However, he added,
that is a condition shared by all space managers.
"We don't have a cash cow just feeding the program and giving us money
to do things in space," he said. "I think a great lesson was learned
out of this accident with the collision, and I don't believe it will
be repeated and as such we will end up with a stronger and better program
working with the Russians in the future."
Foale said he still hopes to fly again on the space shuttle and that
he and his wife, Rhonda, would someday like to go to Mars together,
"but only when our kids are old enough, mature enough to accept it.
So that, I hope, would mean that I would not be the first one to Mars."
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_______________________________________________________________
Mir-24 - Week of November 7, 1997
Mission Status Report - Filed
from Korolev, Russia
Interview with David
Wolf - David Wolf talks about life on Mir
Commander Anatoly Solovyev and Flight Engineer Pavel Vinogradov completed
two successful spacewalks this week, during which they removed an aging
solar array on the Kvant-1 module and replaced it with a new solar array
that was housed in a compartment on the Mir's Docking Module, installed
a device on the outside of the module that will enable the crew to hook
up an additional Vozdukh carbon dioxide removal system for the station,
and retrieved a panel from an old and disconnected solar array on the
side of the Core Module.
At the beginning of Monday's spacewalk, Vinogradov commemorated the
fortieth anniversary of the launching of the first Sputnik satellite
by manually deploying a replica of the Sputnik as part of a joint project
between Russian and French high school students.
A minor problem repressurizing the exterior airlock of the Kvant-2
module following Monday's spacewalk was solved by tightening clamps
and latches around the circumference of the hatch to hold pressure.
Russian flight controllers expect to give the cosmonauts the green light
to slowly repressurize the exterior airlock to its full pressure over
the next few days.
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| 10/17/97 | 10/24/97
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| 11/28/97 | 12/5/97
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| 1/31/98 |
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_______________________________________________________________
Mir-24 - Week of November 14, 1997
Mission Status Report - Filed
from Korolev, Russia
Interview with David
Wolf - David Wolf talks about life on Mir
Interview with
Angie Jackman - Angie Jackman, NASA-6 Program Scientist, talks about
the progress of David Wolf's science experiments
Astronaut David Wolf's four-month mission to the Russian space station
Mir is nearing its halfway point, as he completes his forty-eighth day
as a member of the Mir-24 crew and pursues an agenda of scientific research
in microgravity.
Today is the one hundredth day onboard the station for Mir-24 commander
Anatoly Solovyev and flight engineer Pavel Vinogradov. During three
spacewalks over the past three and a half weeks, they have returned
the Mir's power-generating capacity to near its level prior to the June
collision with a Progress resupply ship. That work included a second
excursion into the damaged Spektr module to recover pointing control
of two of Spektr's solar arrays, and the installation of a new solar
array on the station's Kvant-1 module to replace one that was losing
efficiency due to age. Additional spacewalks to attempt to repair the
breach in Spektr are not planned until early next year.
Russian mission managers say the slow decrease in air pressure from
the Kvant-2 airlock, which was detected at the conclusion of a spacewalk
early last week, will have no impact on plans for the spacewalk scheduled
for early December. Russian mission managers say all of the station's
other systems continue to operate in normal fashion.
Preparations for the final increment of the Shuttle-Mir program continued
this week at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center, in Star City, Russia.
Astronaut Andy Thomas, who will succeed Wolf onboard the Mir next year,
had another session of spacewalk training in the Hydrolab Facility this
week, as well as hands-on sessions with several of the science experiments
slated for his tour of duty, and a classroom session to familiarize
himself with the science program of French cosmonaut Leopold Eyharts,
who will accompany the Mir-25 crew to the station early in Thomas' mission.
Jim Voss, who is training as back-up to Thomas for the last increment
of the Shuttle-Mir program, joined him for the Hydrolab and science
training sessions this week.
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| 10/17/97 | 10/24/97
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| 10/31/97 | 11/7/97
| 11/14/97 | 11/21/97
| 11/28/97 | 12/5/97
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| 1/2/98 | 1/9/98
| 1/16/98 | 1/23/98
| 1/31/98 |
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_______________________________________________________________
Mir-24 - Week of November 21, 1997
Mission Status Report - Filed
from Korolev, Russia
As of Friday afternoon, Moscow time, systems aboard the Mir Space Station
were functioning in good fashion after a brief power loss in the Core
Module a week ago during a test of one of the Mir's solar arrays on
the Mir Space Station. The test involved disconnecting, measuring, and
connecting multiple solar cells on the Cooperative Solar array, which
is similar to the arrays that will be used on the International Space
Station. Friday's test was performed to calculate the degradation of
the solar array over the last year.
U.S. Astronaut David Wolf has been helping his crewmates with systems
activities aboard Mir, as well as continuing his science program. Wolf
is beginning the ninth week of his four-month mission, which will end
in January when he is replaced by U.S. astronaut Andy Thomas, who will
be launched aboard Endeavour on the STS-89 mission. Wolf will return
to Earth in late January as part of the STS-89 crew. Solovyev and Vinogradov
have been aboard Mir since August 7. They are scheduled to return to
Earth in February.
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8/29/97 | 9/5/97
| 9/12/97 | 9/19/97
| 9/26/97 | 10/10/97
| 10/17/97 | 10/24/97
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| 10/31/97 | 11/7/97
| 11/14/97 | 11/21/97
| 11/28/97 | 12/5/97
| 12/12/97 | 12/19/97
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| 1/2/98 | 1/9/98
| 1/16/98 | 1/23/98
| 1/31/98 |
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_______________________________________________________________
Mir-24 - Week of November 28, 1997
Mission Status Report - Filed
from Korolev, Russia
David Wolf is beginning the tenth week of his four-month mission, which
will end in January when he is replaced by U.S. astronaut Andy Thomas,
who will be launched aboard Endeavour on the STS-89 mission. Wolf will
return to Earth in late January as part of the STS-89 crew. Solovyev
and Vinogradov have been aboard Mir since August 7. They are scheduled
to return to Earth in February.
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8/29/97 | 9/5/97
| 9/12/97 | 9/19/97
| 9/26/97 | 10/10/97
| 10/17/97 | 10/24/97
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| 10/31/97 | 11/7/97
| 11/14/97 | 11/21/97
| 11/28/97 | 12/5/97
| 12/12/97 | 12/19/97
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| 1/2/98 | 1/9/98
| 1/16/98 | 1/23/98
| 1/31/98 |
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_______________________________________________________________
Mir-24 - Week of December 5, 1997
Mission Status Report - Filed
from Korolev, Russia
David Wolf is beginning the eleventh week of his four-month mission,
which will end in January when he is replaced by U.S. astronaut Andy
Thomas, who will be launched aboard Endeavour on the STS-89 mission.
Wolf will return to Earth in late January as part of the STS-89 crew.
Solovyev and Vinogradov have been aboard Mir since August 7. They are
scheduled to return to Earth in February.
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8/29/97 | 9/5/97
| 9/12/97 | 9/19/97
| 9/26/97 | 10/10/97
| 10/17/97 | 10/24/97
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| 10/31/97 | 11/7/97
| 11/14/97 | 11/21/97
| 11/28/97 | 12/5/97
| 12/12/97 | 12/19/97
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| 1/2/98 | 1/9/98
| 1/16/98 | 1/23/98
| 1/31/98 |
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_______________________________________________________________
Mir-24 - Week of December 12, 1997
Press Conference
- The Mir-24 crew answer questions from the press
Interview with Frank
Culbertson - Frank Culbertson discusses Dave Wolf's increment on
the Mir
Mission Status Report - Filed
from Korolev, Russia
Astronaut David Wolf's mission to the Russian space station Mir is
nearing the end of its eleventh week. Wolf has been busy with a variety
of scientific experiments throughout his time on Mir, including the
bioreactor experiment, which has been returning results that have never
been achieved on Earth.
The Mir-24 crewmembers are looking ahead to a busy schedule during
next few weeks. A new Progress resupply ship is due to launch between
December 20th and 23rd and three spacewalks are planned from late December
to mid-January. Also both the next shuttle docking mission and the arrival
of the Mir-25 crew, including a French cosmonaut-researcher, are targeted
for the end of January.
Astronaut Andy Thomas, the man slated to take over for Wolf onboard
the Mir, has completed his training at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training
Center in Star City, Russia. A week ago he passed his last tests on
Mir systems as well as his medical exams, and received final clearance
from Russian space agency authorities for his mission. In an interview
Thomas said the time he spent in Russia left him with a great appreciation
of the Russians' tenacity and resourcefulness.
"Having spent a year in Russia and seeing the Russian community and
the Russian philosophy toward engineering, the way they design their
systems and the way they build them, the way they build their spacecraft,
you have to admire their capability and their tenacity and their ability
to keep a system functioning in spite of a series of technical problems.
They're really remarkably resourceful people and they've been able to
achieve some great successes in regaining the capabilities on Mir, and
they're very proud of that, quite justifiably so, too. It was no small
undertaking. And as a consequence of all of those efforts, Mir is now
flying very stably and I do not anticipate the serious kinds of problems
that we've seen in the past."
Thomas will be delivered to the Mir during STS-89 on the space shuttle
Endeavour, the first time an orbiter other than Atlantis will have docked
to the Russian space station.
Next Wednesday, the Progress resupply ship now attached to the Mir's
Kvant-1 module will be undocked, and during the procedure a German satellite
called "Inspekter" will be deployed from inside Progress. The automated
satellite containing on-board cameras will fly an elliptical orbit around
the Mir for two days, conducting a visual survey of the station's exterior
before being commanded a safe distance from the Mir prior to ultimately
burning up in the Earth's atmosphere.
The imagery from Inspekter, which is similar in nature to the AERcam/Sprint
robotic camera that was flight-tested onboard the shuttle Columbia
last week, will be sent to a laptop computer onboard the Mir for later
relay to Russian flight controllers.
Between December 20th and December 23rd, a new Progress ship loaded
with supplies will be launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakstan,
and will dock to the Mir two days after its launch. Included among the
cargo is a new seal for the station's airlock on the Kvant-2 module.
On December 30th, cosmonauts Anatoly Solovyev and Pavel Vinogradov are
to make a spacewalk to install the new seal in the airlock hatch, which
has been unable to hold full pressurization since a spacewalk in early
November.
Solovyev and Vinogradov are slated for another excursion outside the
station on January 5th, this time to install handrails to the exterior
of the Spektr module to facilitate possible future efforts to repair
the breach to Spektr's hull.
A third spacewalk is currently scheduled for January 12th to retrieve
the Optical Properties Monitor that was deployed on the station's Docking
Module by Mir-23 commander Vasily Tsibliev and American astronaut Jerry
Linenger. Wolf has been given permission for on-orbit training for this
spacewalk with Solovyev. The final decision on his participation will
be made during a joint American-Russian review in early January.
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| 1/31/98 |
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_______________________________________________________________
Mir-24 - Week of December 19, 1997
Mission Status Report - Filed
from Korolev, Russia
Astronaut David Wolf is completing the twelfth week of his tour of
duty onboard the Russian Space Station Mir, pressing ahead with his
agenda of scientific research as he and his cosmonaut colleagues prepare
for the arrival of a new resupply ship at the orbiting Russian outpost.
A Progress ship filled with items for disposal was undocked from the
Mir Wednesday, December 17, and commanded a short distance from the
station to assist in an experiment prior to being deorbited. A small
German-built camera, called Inspektor, was deployed from the Progress
for its first flight test. It captured images of the Mir and the Progress
flying in formation before Russian flight controllers terminated the
test when Inspektor's star tracker, which is responsible for calculating
navigational information, overheated and could not execute any maneuvers.
Inspektor was allowed to drift away from the Mir and will ultimately
burn up in the Earth's atmosphere some weeks from now.
Wolf's tour of duty on the Mir, the sixth of seven by American astronauts,
is designed to learn more about how the human body responds to long-term
exposure to the absence of gravity, something that will face future
astronauts on missions to the Moon or Mars. Wolf says his experience
on the Mir so far leads him to believe it's quite possible for people
to make those even-longer spaceflights of the future.
"Certainly we could survive a year. The problem, of course, is missing
the great people and friends and family on Planet Earth. Really we live
on Earth and it's a great spaceship, but that would be a long time."
When asked about the possibility of being a part of a mission to Mars,
Wolf replied that he has put a lot of thought into that and he is "warming
up to the idea."
At the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, preparations continue on track
for next month's planned launch of the Space Shuttle Endeavour on the
eighth shuttle- Mir docking mission, which will deliver astronaut Andy
Thomas for the final increment of the Shuttle-Mir program and bring
David Wolf home from his four months on the Russian space station. Endeavour
was rolled out to launch pad 39-A December 19 to continue processing
for launch, now targeted for January 22.
December 20 a Progress resupply ship loaded with food, fuel, clothing,
and holiday supplies is to be launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome
in Kazakhstan on a two-day trip to the Mir Space Station. Assuming an
on-time launch, that progress vessel is to link up with the Mir's Kvant-1
docking port December 22.
On December 30, Mir-24 commander Anatoly Solovyev and flight engineer
Pavel Vinogradov are slated to conduct a spacewalk to install a new
seal in the station's Kvant-2 airlock hatch, which has experienced problems
holding full pressurization since a spacewalk in early November. The
following week, on January 5, the Russian cosmonauts are to make another
journey outside the station, this time to install handrails to the exterior
of the Spektr module for use during possible future spacewalks to try
to repair the breach in Spektr's hull.
A third spacewalk is targeted for January 12, to retrieve an experiment
package called the Optical Properties Monitor, which astronaut Jerry
Linenger helped install on the station's docking module last April.
Wolf has been given permission for on-orbit training for this spacewalk,
and a final decision as to whether or not he will join Solovyev for
the excursion outside the Mir is expected from NASA officials early
next month.
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| 10/31/97 | 11/7/97
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| 1/2/98 | 1/9/98
| 1/16/98 | 1/23/98
| 1/31/98 |
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_______________________________________________________________
Mir-24 - Week of January 2, 1998
Mission Status Report - Filed
from Korolev, Russia
As of Friday afternoon, Moscow time, the Mir-24 crew was in the process
of replacing a component associated with the Motion Control System (MCS)
computer following that system going off-line earlier today. All other
Mir environmental systems are functioning normally.
Russian officials say that todayÆs computer shutdown should have no
impact to a planned spacewalk next Friday, during which the two cosmonauts
will make repairs to the Kvant-2 hatch seal and retrieve a U.S. science
experiment.
U.S. astronaut David Wolf is in the final weeks of his four-month research
mission. Wolf will be replaced by U.S. Astronaut Andy Thomas, who will
be launched aboard Endeavour on STS-89 in late January. Thomas will
be the final American to occupy the Mir. Solovyev and Vinogradov have
been aboard Mir since August 7 and are scheduled to return to Earth
in February after handing over Mir operations to a replacement crew,
Mir-25 Commander Talgat Musabayev and Flight Engineer Nikolai Budarin.
They are scheduled to be launched at the end of January with a French
cosmonaut, Leopold Eyharts, who will represent the French space agency
CNES on a three-week research mission. Eyharts will return to Earth
with Solovyev and Vinogradov.
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8/29/97 | 9/5/97
| 9/12/97 | 9/19/97
| 9/26/97 | 10/10/97
| 10/17/97 | 10/24/97
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| 10/31/97 | 11/7/97
| 11/14/97 | 11/21/97
| 11/28/97 | 12/5/97
| 12/12/97 | 12/19/97
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| 1/2/98 | 1/9/98
| 1/16/98 | 1/23/98
| 1/31/98 |
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_______________________________________________________________
Mir-24 - Week of January 9, 1998
Mission Status Report - Filed
from Korolev, Russia
Interview with Jim
Van Laak - Jim Van Laak, Deputy Manager of the NASA Shuttle-Mir
Program, discusses recent activities on the Mir
Astronaut David Wolf is completing his 15th week as a crewmember onboard the orbiting Russian outpost today, and is now three weeks away
from his scheduled return to earth onboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour.
While assisting his Mir-24 crewmates, commander Anatoly Solovyev and
flight engineer Pavel Vinogradov, in seeing to station operations the
past few weeks, he also helped them prepare for the spacewalk they successfully
completed January 8.
With yesterday's excursion added to the total, commander Anatoly Solovyev
has now completed 15 spacewalks during his five missions to the Mir Space Station; six of those spacewalks have come during this Mir-24
mission, including two internal spacewalks to the damaged Spektr module.
Flight engineer Pavel Vinogradov has accompanied him on five of those
spacewalks.
The cosmonauts have been onboard the Mir 156 days since their arrival
last August, and are scheduled to return to Earth next month after handing
over to the Mir-25 crew, commander Talgat Musabayev and flight engineer
Nikolai Budarin. They'll arrive accompanied by French researcher Leopold
Eyharts, who will return to earth with Solovyev and Vinogradov.
This week NASA managers officially set January 22 as the launch date
for mission STS-89. The current flight plan calls for Endeavour to dock
to the Mir on January 24, carrying astronaut Andy Thomas to take over
for Wolf for the seventh and final tour of duty by an American onboard
the Russian station. During five days of docked operations, commander
Terry Wilcutt and his crewmates are to transfer some 6000 pounds of
food, water, experiment hardware and other supplies to the Mir.
Astronaut David Wolf and his Mir-24 crewmates will continue on-board
preparations for next week's planned spacewalk. Assuming they get the
go- ahead, next Wednesday at 2:40 p.m. CST, Mir-24 commander Anatoly
Solovyev will open the airlock hatch on the Mir's Kvant-2 module and,
accompanied by Wolf, move outside the station to survey several of its
modules with a portable spectrometer. The data gathered on the effects
of exposure to the environment of space will be incorporated into the
planning and construction of the modules of the International Space
Station.
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| 9/26/97 | 10/10/97
| 10/17/97 | 10/24/97
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| 10/31/97 | 11/7/97
| 11/14/97 | 11/21/97
| 11/28/97 | 12/5/97
| 12/12/97 | 12/19/97
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| 1/2/98 | 1/9/98
| 1/16/98 | 1/23/98
| 1/31/98 |
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_______________________________________________________________
Mir-24 - Week of January 16, 1998
The continuing mission of American astronauts to the Russian space
station Mir approaches another milestone, as astronaut David Wolf prepares
to end his four- month tour of duty, capped off by his first-ever walk
in space.
Wolf, completing 16 weeks on the orbiting Russian outpost, is now busy
with the final activities of his scientific agenda while packing his
belongings in anticipation of next week's arrival of the shuttle Endeavour.
The first shuttle flight of 1998 is scheduled to launch from the Kennedy
Space Center at 8:48 p.m. CST, January 22, on a mission to deliver Wolf's
successor, Andy Thomas.
On Thursday January 29, just after 10:30 a.m. CST, the Mir-25 cosmonauts,
commander Talgat Musabayev and flight engineer Nikolai Budarin, and
French researcher Leopold Eyharts are to launch from Baikonur to the
Mir. Just minutes later, the shuttle crew is to conclude five days of
joint operations and undock from the Mir. The Soyuz is scheduled to
link up to the Mir's Kvant-1 docking port on Saturday, January 31, shortly
after noon CST for a three-week joint mission with the Mir-24 crew.
Solovyev, Vinogradov, and Eyharts will return to Earth on February
19, concluding a six-month mission for the Russian cosmonauts.
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8/29/97 | 9/5/97
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| 9/26/97 | 10/10/97
| 10/17/97 | 10/24/97
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| 10/31/97 | 11/7/97
| 11/14/97 | 11/21/97
| 11/28/97 | 12/5/97
| 12/12/97 | 12/19/97
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| 1/2/98 | 1/9/98
| 1/16/98 | 1/23/98
| 1/31/98 |
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_______________________________________________________________
Mir-24 - Week of January 23, 1998
David Wolf, Anatoly Solovyev, and Pavel Vinogradov are preparing for
a busy week on Mir next week as the Russian station is visited by two
spacecraft. The shuttle Endeavour is scheduled to dock to the Mir Saturday
afternoon. The STS-89 crew will deliver Astronaut Andy Thomas to the
Mir to replace Wolf, who is completing a successful four-month science
mission. Thomas is scheduled to formally become a part of the Mir-24
crew Sunday morning following the transfer of his custom-made Soyuz
seatliner and the checkout of his Soyuz spacesuit.
Shortly before Endeavour undocks from the Mir on January 29, Russian
flight controllers will monitor the launch of a replacement crew to
the station. Mir-25 Commander Talgat Musabayev, Flight Engineer Nikolai
Budarin and French researcher Leopold Eyharts of CNES are scheduled
to blast off in a Soyuz TM-27 craft less than 30 minutes before Endeavour's
undocking from the Mir. The new cosmonaut crew plans to dock to the
Mir on January 31, just a few hours before Endeavour's planned landing.
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8/29/97 | 9/5/97
| 9/12/97 | 9/19/97
| 9/26/97 | 10/10/97
| 10/17/97 | 10/24/97
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| 10/31/97 | 11/7/97
| 11/14/97 | 11/21/97
| 11/28/97 | 12/5/97
| 12/12/97 | 12/19/97
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| 1/2/98 | 1/9/98
| 1/16/98 | 1/23/98
| 1/31/98 |
|
_______________________________________________________________
Mir-24 - Week of January 31, 1998
Mission Status Report - Filed
from Korolev, Russia
U.S. Astronaut Andy Thomas is now an official crew member aboard Mir
since replacing David Wolf earlier in the week. Thomas and Mir Commander
Anatoly Solovyev and Flight Engineer Pavel Vinogradov are awaiting the
arrival of a Soyuz TM-27 spacecraft carrying Mir-25 Commander Talgat
Musabayev, Flight Engineer Nikolai Budarin and French researcher Leopold
Eyharts. The Soyuz is scheduled to dock with the Russian outpost at
12:13 p.m. CST Saturday. Hatch opening is scheduled for 1:43 p.m. CST.
Musabayev and Budarin will replace Solovyev and Vinogradov, who will
return to Earth on February19 with Eyharts. Thomas will spend the rest
of his four-month research mission with Musabayev and Budarin, who will
remain on Mir until August.
|
8/29/97 | 9/5/97
| 9/12/97 | 9/19/97
| 9/26/97 | 10/10/97
| 10/17/97 | 10/24/97
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| 10/31/97 | 11/7/97
| 11/14/97 | 11/21/97
| 11/28/97 | 12/5/97
| 12/12/97 | 12/19/97
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| 1/2/98 | 1/9/98
| 1/16/98 | 1/23/98
| 1/31/98 |
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